Navigating another culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Navigating another finish - Essay Example2. I belong to the district of Gangnam that is located in the country of South Korea and the culture of Gangnam has been highly influenced through non-homogeneous elements. One of the elements that have mostly influenced the culture of my part is education. Education is given immense importance in my region mainly for the purpose of the development of the self of the people of my region. The education has transformed my region into a place where people have become quite materialistic and prefer spending a rarefied and wealthy lifestyle. The main purpose due to which education is make headwayd in my region is that it is believed that education will succor us attaining better standards of life. The popular culture of my region is another aspect that has mighty impact on the culture of Gangnam. The district has been a host and part of various musical videos as well as movies. The region has been used for the purpose of shooting videos and t hat is one reason why the neighborhood of Gangnam is always magnificent and colorful. It is a place where people come to enjoy and especially witness the night life of the region (Willett 1).3. I have been living in the region of United States since I was only 15 eld old. My main purpose of moving to United States was attaining higher education as it is one of the main elements that is promote by my culture and my society. When I first came to the United States I faced various difficulties but different people belonging to collectivist cultures, I faced little barrier in understanding the culture of United States and assimilating in their culture was fairly easy for me as compared to other immigrants. The main difficulty that I experienced when I became a part of the United States was my failure to communicate in English Language with the natives of the region. Due to this I used to feel left and alone and I used to charge experience

Romantic Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Romantic Literature - Essay ExampleThe evolution of the style of amative literary productions was borne out of the need of many writers to express their inner thoughts in a way that is characterized by freedom, imagination, as sound as creativity, without the impediment of following normal human logic. As a result, many romantic works such as Samuel Taylor Coleridges The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Horace Walpoles The Castle of Otranto clear situations that be not realistic, even during the time that these works were published. While these two works are solo different, one is a poem while the other is a novel, what ties these two together is the creation of unbelief as far as the main characters of the stories or narratives are concerned. The succession of events may not be as clear as logic to predict, thus adding a sense of uncertainty to what could possibly get to the protagonists, the antagonists, or both. In the course of this analysis, these two important works from the Romanticist era of literature would be used to illustrate how the combination of the use of imaginary settings as well as adding a spot of uncertainty in behalf of the characters not only appeal to the senses of the readers but also draw them into their lives and shoes, as well as being able to see the triumphs, the losses, and other emotions of the cast as real emotions that are sensible in their given situations. Real Emotions in Surreal Situations In comparing the first chapter of The Castle of Otranto to the stocky of the poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, it can be seen that the settings of the narratives are surreal or even imaginary. However, the characters are portrayed as ordinary people, without any superpowers or whatnot. This puts real people in unreal or surreal situations. In the case of the Ancient Mariner and the rest of the crew of the ship, they felt real alarm when they saw the ghost ship with termination and Night-mare Life-in-Death Are those her rib s through which the Sun Did peer, as through a grate? And is that Woman all her crew Is that a Death? And are there two? Is Death that womans mate? (Coleridge 11). The writer vividly described the people or apparitions aboard the appearance ship in order to help the reader visualize the passengers of the ghost ship. A few lines after(prenominal) the description of the passengers of the ghost ship came the terror that the mariner and his shipmates felt after Death and Night-mare Life-in-Death decided which souls they would eat up as their own, We listened and looked sideways up Fear at my heart, as at a cup My life-blood seemed to sip (Coleridge 11). To put it bluntly, the mariner felt as if his blood has totally drained away after audience that the souls of all passengers of their marooned ship would be taken away. It can be equivalentned to how a person would tint when facing immediate danger or seeing it approach, where time seems to stand still and it would feel like there is no other choice but to die. The same feeling of terror is also depicted in the character Isabella when she was being pursued by Prince Manfred in the first chapter of The Castle of Otranto Words cannot blusher the horror of the Princess

Juvenile Delinquency Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Juvenile Delinquency - naming ExampleThese experimentations usually lead them to engaging in at least one illegal conduct like drinking or disobeying their parents. Some minors get caught and penalized for their illegal behavior while others cover unpunished. It leaves an impression as to what delinquent behaviors are punishable and forgivable? Sadly, its legal definition does not leave a clear distinction as to who are being caught and freed for engaging in illegal behavior. result to Question 2 Different states have different age limits that help them determine whether an offender will be subjected to a jejune court of justice jurisdiction or to the jurisdiction of adult court. On average, one time individual(a)s reach the age of 18, they already are considered adults and therefore get tried in an adult court jurisdiction. The main concern here, however, is that it is tight to quantify the level of maturity and cognitive capability of a person. Indeed, an individual can b e 18 years old but it does not mean that he/she already has the mental capacity and maturity of an adult. Another riddle with using age as the fundamental antigenic determinant of adulthood is that it generalizes the social and psychological development of all youths. It fails to look at the differences of young individuals, specifically differences in their experiences, rate of development, and learning ability. Response to Question 3 The very system of juvenile justice varies in different states hence it is a great challenge to provide a description of it that would apply nationwide. The escape of uniformity in juvenile delinquency law in different states in America makes it difficult to standardized juvenile justice practices in the country. Consider that every state has different age definition of who can be considered juveniles. In addition, each state has its own way of handling or preventing current juvenile behaviors because of peoples differences in their social, politi cal, and economic circumstances. In some states, for instance, shoplifting is already a violation of the law and therefore merits a trusted punishment. On the contrary, other states which are more panoptic about their juvenile delinquency law might have a different response to a person who commits the same offense. Moreover, although the law on juvenile delinquency is already in situ, topical anaesthetic officers at bottom juvenile justice still have their freedom to choose how to respond on a certain juvenile behavior. Response to Question 4 Since the subject of juvenile delinquency mainly concerns about the youths fork out life and future, the public throughout time fundamentally perceives it as an important social and political problem that needs to be looked closely and addressed. Most people believe that juvenile crime incidences are quick increasing and, therefore, need to be taken care of in tougher ways. Although the publics perception is most always unsupported, they are able influence juvenile justice in one way or another. Normally, the insights of the public about juvenile crime leads to a certain change in the way local governments respond to delinquency problem. Response to Question 5 Based on the UCR information provided in the text, juvenile

Marketing Plan for Dog and Duck Bar Research Paper

Marketing Plan for Dog and Duck Bar - Research root word ExampleA careful evaluation of the weekly customer flow and fun order of business served as the foundation for this analysis and the following marketing plan. The demographics of the target markets are somewhat varied and the customer attention is unpredictable, but research indicates that bistro clientele is extremely loyal. The plan focuses on DDBs rising growth strategy in increasing public awareness, developing and maintaining customer loyalty, improving the acoustic and functional design of the interior, maximizing future profits by promoting the bistro within its specific niche market, and emphasizing the bistros superiority in the live entertainment music market and restaurant. Because DDBs promotional budget is rather limited, free exposure like press releases and emails go out be sent out on a regular basis to announce the entertainment schedule and cooperative advertising will be pursued for all future print med ia. A odd-job(prenominal) marketing director will be hired to assist the owners in creating ad layout and content, as comfortably as helping with public relations.Because DDBs has relatively weak marketing and financial resources, it has relied heavily on big word-of-mouth advertising. Fortunately, this approach has helped to achieve a limited degree of success thus far in the clubs existence, but this method will not achieve the type of profit margin the owners are hoping to set about or sustain any type of business for very long. In the meantime, the employees will have to mark a major effort to ensure that once they gain new customers, they dont lose them by consistently delivering quality products and services at competitive prices. To obtain repeat business from loyal customers, DDBs must extend hard to establish long-term relationships with its clientele.

Sustainable Housing Dissertation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

sustainable Housing Dissertation - Essay Example quite a little in the United Kingdom have received many benefits from sustainable housing. The United Kingdom has developed numerous green and sustainable buildings. The paper first elaborates the concept of Green Home or Sustainable housing and the need for switching to sustainable housing is been discussed. The code of sustainable homes focuses on evaluating the homes in basis of the benchmark of Building Research Establishments Eco homes. Various types of sustainable constructions are mentioned in the inquiry paper. Furthermore, the paper debates on various energy resources as well as material useful for sustainable constructions. Additionally, a discussion on the proper location for sustainable building, on the basis of different parameters, is include in the paper. There many types of sustainable housing mentioned in the paper. The paper offers specific examples of Eco friendly constructions in United Kingdom. On the basis of t his discussion the paper concludes that the well-being of future generation should be taken into consideration by the construction industry. Key words sustainable housing, low or zero coulomb houses, eco homes, carbon emission. TABLE OF CONTENT Page No. Abstract....................

Executive summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Executive summary - designation ExampleGripper company roadmap starts with our specific flush, which is lasting. It declares our purpose as an organization and serves as the standard against which we assess our decisions and actions. Our mission is to improve safety in the world to inspire optimism and happy moments and to create a value and put one everywhere the difference.Our core objectives are to increase sales over the next two years, to improve our gross delimitation over the current line of product and maintain the level, to meet the market demand at a high gross rim.Our near and long term goals is the Growth of our company with the development of new and bore products, moving our operations to many countries, selling products at a cheap price and producing quality products over our rivals.Gripper Company is a regional company that sells its products on wholesale to its retail customers. The percentage of our gross margin is above average with many customers coming fro m indoors the country. The company hopes to become an international company within two years.It is an anti-slip treatment that is proven to make wet floors slip resistant. It brings about non-slip tile floors, bathtubs, or non-slippery exhibitor floors in minutes. It prevents slip-fall accidents in bathrooms, kitchens, workplaces hotels or anywhere with a slippery tile floor (Pinson and Linda

Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Term Paper Examplepoor moralistic ethics and this is further evidence in the fact that they had initially denied knowledge of the action which clearly nub they were ashamed them. This paper will endeavor to analyses and critique the Shi Tao vs. Yahoo case study by applying several(prenominal) moral frameworks through which the ethicalness of Yahoos actions will be critiqued. These frameworks are the Utilitarian, the publicity and Principle of Human Dignity and endless Worth with the intention of proving that yahoo acted in an unethical way and betrayed its users by compromising Taos gumshoe for the sake of sustaining their business interest in China.Shi Tao, a journalist with Chinas Business clipping news had posted knowledge on how the government had intended to curtail the celebration of the anniversary of the Tiananmen square off Protest by ordering journalists and media houses not to address the matter. He posted the information on an online assemblage based in New York, consequently the Chines State bureau sought Yahoos help in apprehending him and the last mentioned provided information that led to the location of his IP address and then to his office computer, after which he was arrested and convicted. afterward the conviction, reporters without boarders exposed yahoos role in the matter and although the pissed initially denied any knowledge as to why they were asked from the information they later admitted. In justification, yahoo claimed that they were obliged to conform to the laws of the country which required they share information with the state. The firm nonetheless came under fire from various critiques who challenged the legitimacy and morality for their actions accusing them of acting as police informers on Dissidents. Lui Xiabo, one Chinas prominent Chinese dissidents accused Yahoo of flunk to respect the rights of Shi in because they let their business interests dull their moral sensibility (Dickie). Other critics said that if the firm acknowledges their actions were not ethical, they

EARLY JAZZ PIANO STYLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EARLY JAZZ PIANO STYLES - Essay ExampleWith Bennie Motens innovation, jazz flabby incorporated some blues in it which scotched for the blues-rooted modern jazz (Schuller 4). Gioias account brought up the influence of Mexican band performers to the birth of jazz in Kansas City, New Orleans (7). It was during the condemnation when the Louisiana Purchase only resulted to a one-eighth Anglo-Saxon population and the Latin Americans dominated in numbers in the said area (Gioia 6). Decades passed, and the influence of blacks grew to be more noticeable with the introduction of beat and blues. In fact, modern jazz is described as a hybrid of various Latin and African-American euphony genres, such as Broadway music, pop, blues, samba, reggae, funk, and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) symphony music (Gioia 8). This essay follows the discussion of various tuneful works in jazz piano and descriptions of each popular jazz work in history. In particular, it discusses the popular Stride Ragti me, specifically the Harlem tone piano, Boogie Woogie, Earl Hines jazz piano pieces, and G. Gershwins Rhapsody in Blue. Descriptions of these masterpieces will also be supported by some music authors perception of their music for validation and complementary color interpretation. Stride Ragtime Harlem Stride Piano Among the best pianists in New York, four of them were experts in stride playing. James P. Johnson, Luckey Roberts, Willie The Lion Smith and Richard Labba Labba Maclean were among the victors in stride rag week battle known as sharp contests in which they were known as ticklers (Martin and Waters 108). Stride ragtime is compete fundamentally by the left hand which strides up and down the keyboard using a base note or an octave played on the first and third beats of the 4/4 measure while goes on to thumb with a midrange note on the second and fourth beats (Martin and Waters 108). Stride ragtime originated from ragtime itself but was developed into stride piano using some techniques such as speed, variations, incorporation of blues, and other improvisations that were sometimes planned (Martin and Waters 108). Harlem Stride Piano incorporates speed and flash. The effect appears to be vigorous and beat of energy, a mimicry of American society shortly after World War I in which American lifestyle was fast-paced, hectic, and seemingly always in a rush. It also depicts sounds heard in cars and other automobiles, telephones, and airplanes (Martin and Waters 108). It also suggests a pleasing and lively mood because of the seemingly caricature accompaniment which is a perfect background to slapsticks and pathos visual shows. Eubie Blake was particularly famous for being a pianist and composer during early, middle, and advanced 1900s and took the stride ragtime to a new level (Martin and Waters 109). Most importantly, James P. Johnson fathered stride piano by being so absorbed in his craft through composing jazz pieces for Broadway musicals and concer ts and memory on learning and experimenting for the said genre (Martin and Waters 109). Boogie-woogie Noisy offspring was labeled to another(prenominal) genre of jazz piano, which became an instant hit in the late nineteenth and early twentieth carbon (Silvester 3). Boogie-woogie came to the existence in 1940s following combination of ragtime and rhythm of African music as evident by the qualities

Newspaper Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Newspaper article - Essay ExampleOver 80 per cent of the health expenditure in India is in the semiprivate sector, while in most developed societies more than 80 per cent of health expenditure is borne by the exchequer. In SAARC, Indias infant mortality rate is 56 per 1,000 live births in 2005 better than that of totally Pakistan. It is a far cry from 12 in Sri Lanka. Similarly, life expectancy at birth is 64 years in India, 63 in Nepal & 75 in Sri Lanka.The author of the article titled, Financing health boot in India, dated Jan 16, 2010, is Mr. N. J. Kurian. He is a visiting Professor at the Social Development, New Delhi and the launch of Public Enterprise, Hyderabad. The newspaper, The Hindu, carrying the article is one of the leading newspapers of India with a circulation of 1.45m and readership of 5.2m.The article attempted to give a panoramic view of the universal health care system with emboldened comparisons with the United Kingdom. Despite the detailed information, at that place was no information on the state of the African nations, or the emerging super power, China. Latin America, real little mentioning with a positive citation of Cuba.It would be unfair to say of any bias in the article as the pros and cons of each system, so mentioned, have been kept with utmost clarity and facts. The subjectivity has been back up with data, for marked credibility. The NHS has been kept as the role model for future course of action for other fall back countries without mincing matters.In US, the healthcare system is expensive with a nexus between private health insurance companies and healthcare providers. Invariably expensive drugs and procedures are prescribed by health insurance companies to the young, the industrious and the rich, avoiding those who are elderly, unemployed and poor.Indispuably, all Americans already have access to at least emergency care and hospitals are legally obligated to provide care regardless of ability to pay. It

The Intersection of Gender, Conflict and Development Shape Patterns of Essay

The Intersection of Gender, Conflict and Development Shape Patterns of force Migration - set about Exampleveloped nations, but are likewise getting spread to developed nations where peck are forcefully uprooted from their home countries or regions and transported to a different place, due to various factors including political, cultural, religious as soundly as ethnic persecutions, which at times, result in gender conflicts. It is worth mentioning in this context that forceful migration is non only conducted by people due to the lack of humanitarian ideologies in the society, but are frequently identified to be a consequence of natural disasters such as earthquake, tsunami, flood or each other natural disaster (Bouta & et. al., 2005). According to the report published by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), it has been common sense that around 45.2 million people were under the conditions of displacement in the year 2012, as compared to 42.5 million by the end of 2011, indicating a 0.5 million difference in the aggregate amounts (UNHCR, 2013). Intersection of Gender in Forced Migration Notably, two major reasons were identified concerning the pressure migration activities, which included sex marketing and household labour. However, in the advance(a) era, the primary reason for forced migration has become majorly concentrated on sex crimes, to which, women and children are identified to be the common victims. Hence, forced migration can be examined to impose significant negative effects on kind contexts, in todays so called developed society. Various economic and political factors can also be identified as adjacent to the forced migration conducts, where social exclusion and poverty play a primitive role to motivate such conducts. Moreover, long terms displacements of a particular gender, commonly women, at a large volume from one particular economic region, is also... Conclusively, it should be noted that numerous policies as clos ely as norms are being formulated and implemented with the objective of increasing awareness among people concerning forced migration, which are often conducted through bribing the victim either emotionally or financially or through physical threats. Legal actions are also being considered with regards to preserve gender equality for fling equal employment as well as income opportunities to both men and women. Such initiatives are preferably likely to reduce conflicts in the society and thereby control intersection of gender as well as conflict in the encouraging the trend of forced migration. Nevertheless, irrespective of such initiatives, the rate of forced migration tends to rise steadily at certain parts of the world. In this respect, right-based strategies should be implemented with the aim of providing arbiter to feminist groups, both in formal and informal peace processes by global organisations as well as political institutions. In this context, with effective human right movement as well as liberal rights, conflicts and inequalities of gender can be minimised to certain extent which will facilitate in reduce forced migration or displacement.

North American Free Trade Agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

North Ameri hatful Free Trade Agreement - Essay Ex enormousMy parents often discussed NAFTA and when I was a scholar, I used to think how a bad political/trade decision can affect the people of the country. It created unsettling trends in Mexico and the expected broad-based dynamic growth did not materialize. Under the accord, Mexico fared poorly. Local companies went protrude business as they were unable to compete with cheap imports. Domestic investment decreased. All these issues are in the back of mind, and in whatever area that I am going to specialize, my concern shall be to train the youngsters in Mexico, to shape their future well to enable them to contribute to the welfare of the country. A first-year college student is called a freshman. It is the beginning of the college experience for the student when he adjusts to the changed atmosphere in his life and new decisions and struggles lodge him. This is the period of transition and the impending stresses can affect ones e motional world. Some of the senior(a) students taunt us as novices, in good humor though I take their affronts light with the hope that we too will become seniors soon to have the pleasurable experience of challenging the freshmen The main(prenominal) asset out front a combustible youngster today is the laptop. One thinks that the entire world is before him, as he can access information on either topic up to any range to advance knowledge. Today I sit at the computer as a freshman. I look forward to the times when I will challenge the computer with my knowledge as the in full qualified computer engineer. The sky is the limit as for careers for computer engineers. Apart from competitive salaries, they get ample opportunities for their creativity and advancement of knowledge through research. Many specialized branches exist for the budding computer engineer, almost importantly in the fields of telecommunications, software technology or digital hardware.

Employment and Discrimination Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employment and Discrimination Law - Essay casefulThese laws are called the commerce laws and they have proved effective in enhancing proper business conduct indoors the business world. Some of these laws which have been in place include those that govern employee dismissal, child poke, employee benefits and labour contracts among opposite contracts and their applications in various business enterprises have worked well in ensuring the well being of both the employers and their employees.In the course of business conduct, employee - employer relationship is crucial in determining the success of each of the two parties in the business world. However, sometimes achieving a cordial relationship becomes impossible with the eruption of personal issues that come in a day to day basis. This has sometimes led to discrimination and in this case it is the employee who suffers the brunt sometimes loss the employer to go scot-free after committing some unfavourable and in benignante acts ag ainst his/her employee. The case of Anne is a similar one where she is oblige to unfairly suffer the consequences of being in bad terms with her boss.Employer retaliation, like in Annes case is an facial expression of employment law in which a lot of emphasis has been put and attorneys have had to defend their clients in regular basis under such circumstances. As an attorney, I would consider Annes case as a solid one and which she is capable of winning should she press legal charges against her employer. (Robert Hill, Nick Dent and Adam fifty Labour and Employment United Kingdom Associative Discrimination).Also According to The ACAS statutory Code of utilize on discipline and grievance, the proper procedure for disciplining Anne would not put her career at risk however to hold a meeting with her and discuss the issues. Her boss would be recommended to express his grievances directly to Anne after which he would make clear his decision to give poor reference to Anne which accor ding to the law is not encouraged.In dealing with such a case, it is important to consider whether Annes employer advised her of her employment rights as postulated in the labour law. This law which is concerned with the rights of employers demands that all employers should take charge and sensitize their employees considering the rights which they hold as workers in their workplace. liberty from retaliation is one of the major subjects which are dealt with in this law. In a case whereby the employer had not informed Anne and maybe other employers of their rights as his employers, Anne should be able to sue him of that as the first offence move against her by her employer. Anne would then go ahead and sue Jim, her boss for the offence of hindering her from exploring and obtaining other employment opportunities on grounds of unfounded accusations (Office of Public Sector Information (united kingdom) Employment Rights Act 1996, chapter 18). Jim has definitely commit an offence aga inst Anne. With regard to the employment and labour law, Anne should seek legal redress since as an employees and a human being for that matter, she has her rights regarding the choice of how she relates with other individuals either within or without her office environment. In order to raise a concrete case against the crime of employer retaliation which Jim committed against

Should tobacco companies be held responsible for smoking-related Research Paper

Should tobacco companies be held responsible for smoking-related illnesses and deaths - Research Paper ExampleThis is due to the fact that, whereas smokers inhale cig bette smoke flat into their lungs, those close to them eventually consume the smoke exhaled as well as that from the burning cigarette in a passive manner (Brandt 15). According to 2002 statistics, it is estimated that more than 1.6 billion people world wide are smokers, translating to approximately 27% of the worlds population (Torrison 82). The set up of this habit are numerous ranging from cancer, impotence, marrow failure, and eventually death. It is estimated that more than 400000 people die on yearly basis in the US mainly due to complications arising from cigarette smoking (Torrison 17). This essay is a critical evaluation of whether tobacco processing industries should be held accountable for the deaths and other effects of smoking. Tobacco Smoking There is no person who is born a smoker, it is a habit that iodin adopts giveingly maybe due to some reasons that around smokers give much(prenominal) as peer influence, as a way of relieving stress among others (Williams 51). Interestingly, information regarding the mingled harmful effects of this habit is usually within the vicinity of these people ranging from manufacturers warning printed on the cigarette packets, flyers and posters erected by various organizations which fight drug and alcohol abuse as well as numerous informative advertisements on the print and electronic media (Torrison 11). In this context, it would be wrong for these people to feign ignorance and put the blame on someone else. Majority of smokers know that tobacco smoking is addictive, meaning that the longer you continue to consume, the more you will program the body to expect frequent replenishment of nicotine. Probably, this is one of the major factors which make it rough for one to vary smoking and when some do, the craving for nicotine becomes intense hen ce resulting to fallback and the show of withdrawal symptoms (Torrison 31). However, it is the province of these people to know that it only requires effort and dedication in order to be able to quit successfully. If this is not possible, they have the option of acquiring the services of professionals, who would guide them through the process and advise them on how to manage the craving for cigarette until that time when they will have succeeded completely. The major problem is the fact that most of the smokers live in denial, i.e. they refuse to acknowledge that they are addicts some giving lame excuses such as they only smoke when on a drinking spree or when faced with a difficult situation (Williams 81). The US authorities have tried to enact legislations with the aim of protecting non-smokers from harm, with several states illegalise tobacco smoking in areas which are highly populated such as public vehicles, offices among others (Brandt 62). However, it is misfortunate to no te that even with these regulations smoking continues to be one of the major causes of death with statistics indicating that 1 of every 5 deaths in the US is as a result of this habit (Dethic 52). Some critics have in the knightly put the blame on cigarette manufacturing companies based on the assumption that if they were not in the business, whence people would not access the cigarettes (Williams 124). They forget that tobacco as with other drugs, such as marijuana, is produced from plants, which all person can access especially since there are no laws that have been enacted to illegalize it. As such, one can just plant his or

The Social Problem of Bullying Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Social Problem of Bullying - Research Paper spokespersonThe dependent variant in the proposed research go forth consist of the crop of bullying evident in a variety of schools having different characteristics, expressed as a percentage. As such the dependent variable exit be a ratio-type variable, having the ability to be expressed as a measurable summate of fine distinctions possible as to quantity. The independent variables to be utilized for this study will be draw from data provided in the Statistical Abstracts, including age-level of students (expressed as an ordinal variable measured as elementary, middle, of high school), registration of school (expressed as ordinal breakdowns determining the size of schools), and minority enrollment within schools (again expressed as an ordinal breakdown). It is expected that these different independent variables will each have an impact on the rate of bullying, as they determine the developmental age of students, as well as the s ize and supposed amicable stresses and inter-community cohesion of the various school types. The proposed relationships of the variables will be as The basic research problem will be to discover how the age and population characteristics of a stipulation school are associated with incident grade of bullying.It is expected that the older the student population, the more promising it will be that bullying will be prevalent, largely because the students will be more likely to be willing to use coercion and effect against their peers as they grow into their own independence. This leads to the following hypothesis.H1.The older the student population, the high the rate of bullying that will exist.Similarly it is expected that the big a school is the more likely bullying will be prevalent, because (1) the school community will be more difficult to govern, and (2) the larger number of students will likely include more of the personality type that is prone to violence and bullying. Th is results in the second hypothesis.H2.The larger the school, the higher the rate of bullying that will exist.Finally, it is expected that the higher the rate of minority students within a given school, the more likely bullying will be prevalent. It is expected that two factors will work toward this end. First, the prevalence of more diverse communities will likely result in more social cohesion problems at this developmental age. Second, it is expected that minority students will be more likely to be involved in bullying, either as its victims, or as perpetrators, as they seek to express their own independence. This leads to the third hypothesis.H3.The larger the minority enrollment, the higher the r

Amazing Grace And Amazing Revelations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amazing seemliness And Amazing Revelations - Essay ExampleThe entire book is devoted to moving real life stories of the light and deprived of the district and mind boggling figures of poverty.Perhaps, the main reason behind the success and effectiveness of the book is that it does non put forth long, confusing scientific charts and graphs to condone the poverty and give related figures but exposes the location by introducing the reader to real life characters - people who live and breathe in that district and atomic number 18 stuck in such a vicious cycle of poverty that is plainly beyond our imagination. Kozols prime contract is women and children. He tries to show that poverty, racial discrimination and lack of basic civic amenities affects this weak and under attack(predicate) stratum of our society the most. For instance, Kozol points out how widespread AIDS actually is by simply stating that almost everyone knows mortal who has died of or is currently suffering from AI DS. By 1993 alone, nearly 2000 children had lost their mothers due to AIDS (194). Health deal facilities are almost non-existent and hospitals are over-crowded. Patients suffering from serious and at times terminal diseases actually shake off to wait at the hospital for days before they can get a bed or a room. Kozol relates the incident when he had a conversation with David about his sick mother. When asked if she got approval for SSI, David replies in the negative, simply saying, They say she isnt sick enough (99). The hygiene and sanitation conditions are so terrible that toxic set are strewn everywhere and a great majority of the children suffer from asthma due to the garbage incinerators operational in the residential area. Perhaps the most horrifying section of the book is when Kozol speaks of the problem of rat infestation. Kozols carnal knowledge of the incident when a childs fingers are eaten away by rats is too sickening (114).The poverty problem in the area is so acu te that soup kitchens and shelters are crowded with mothers elbowing violently and hoping that their child power get some food today. During winter there is acute shortage of warm clothing and sometimes the city government is benevolent enough to hand over sleeping bags. The distressing words of a father of four haunt one by the ruthless honesty of their tone, You just cover up ... and hope you wake up the next morning (4). The extreme poverty and totally hopeless pot has given rise to widespread depression amongst the children. The seriousness of the problem can be gauged from the fact that the naturalize psychiatrists have long waiting lists of patients. Kozol relates many cases, for instance, of a child staying awake late at wickedness simply to smack cockroaches and of children who cry a lot without knowing or being able to explain why. Kozols friends at Mott Haven are vehemently critical of the governments policies regarding the myopic and are furious at city manager (fmr.) Rudolph Giuliani for cutting back on a few basic and precious facilities provided to the poor (100). They cl obtain Giulianis policies, which aim to cut back on sanitation facilities, food programs, drug-rehabilitation programs etc., are unfair and will hurt the poor exceedingly. Saying that the book is an eye opener will be a terrible under statement. The offset thought that comes to mind

Euro Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Euro Behaviour - Essay ExampleFrom the report it is clear thateconomic accomplishment of a trade block depend more on individual countries performance. In our analysis, we intend to evaluate euros performance and as such will rely more on the overall activity in spite of appearance member countries. Euro is not political affiliated and thus depend in multi-nation policies regarding the member countries economic performance. When crisis in economic activity indoors one trade block occur, the effects easily spill to the world(pre nominal phrase) economic and asset market. The European Union, as a trade block, has frequently suffered such.According to the report findingsthe links in international financial and asset markets are key determinants of a currencys exchange rate. angiotensin-converting enzyme currency or states supremacy cannot influence the pass judgment that her currencies are accorded. Macroeconomics teaches that multiple factors are put into present in regard to de termining a currencys worth in the international market. separate states currency is rated on a scale that is unanimously accepted within the trading scope against a common denomination majorly the U.S dollar, yen or the euro. However, the rates are never constant varying on the prevailing economic performances as determined by the World Bank. Purchasing power parity (PPP) compares rates of trade and prices within a state. Projections of future interest rates of a currency relative to nominal interests are determined by the interest rate parity. (Cumby and Obstfeld, 1982, 1-2). Therefore, at the macro and micro level performance of an economy, the policies made always have an impact to the valuation of her currency. However, the determination of these indices within an economic block corresponding the EU is not dependent on a single country but rather on sum of the overall economic performance of the economic block. The Euro use has expanded very much within the EU region and is n ow estimated to be in used throughout

Social Media and Innovation Essay Example for Free

amicable Media and intro Essay ruleological analysisThe purpose of this literature come off is to explore recorded literature and license relating to cordial media and origin. The seek method for the review consisted of by surveying a total of 20 articles 15 journal and meeting-proceeding ferments, and five practitioner articles centered on the topic in distinguishable contexts. A selection of trusted data animal foots were accessed through MSU Libraries electronic Resources in the search to find articles, let in the ACM digital Library, the IEEE IET Electronic library, Proquest and Google. All of the analyse literature exists between the years of 2010 and 2012. Table 2 (p. 10) reflects the articles that were apply in this review, listing the author and title of the drub, the implication of the understand, and whatever limitations of the subscribe noted.Different combinations of keywords were holdd to extract literature related to the topic, for example br ear ly(a)ly media and base, hearty proceeds existence, and weave 2.0 and novelty, and many other configurations. The executive summaries and abstracts of the articles included were briefed to ensure relevancy, and later the articles themselves were reviewed in entirety. To make the occupation of reviewing the bulk of literature streamlined, and manageable key points were recorded for each article.The notes contain the main takeaways for the articles the authors purpose of the query or studies conducted, the main points, and claims most relevant to the general subject, the key findings, or results of the studies conducted, the ch eitherenges faced (regarding the specialized research/studies themselves, and those relating to the broader topic) and lastly, the recommendations offered, if any, including those applying to future research in the argona of the study, or those involving the companies and entities covered in the research. A table lay in all of this important informatio n give be provided for quick comparison of the different contexts that sociable media and launching were applied to.The research yielded a variety of perspectives regarding established literature and research in the area of mixer media and substructure, in addition to the real-world application of various accessible media and knowledgeableness models and evaluation of their performance. This literature review bequeath explore the perspectives, claims and findings of the articles included highlighting similarities and contrasts to discuss gaps and overlaps. Recommendations for future research in the area will be provided in the conclusion.IntroductionThe term brotherly media most commonly falls under the guise of the whatever of the most popular amicable networking websites to date, i.e. Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Linked In. Truthfully, the phenomenon that is hearty media involves more than just photo sharing and billet updates. tender media networks are powerfu lnessful tools when usaged for familiarity creation and shared creativity. A more contemporary field of study, social media and base tends to branch off into other areas like clumpsourcing, and fall in conversion. These platforms enable realistic(prenominal) communities, or groups of people employ social technologies for collaboration efforts, of all kinds to execute t quests, solve problems, express ideas, and function in a group environment. To date, collaborative thinking has been proven to aid in the vicissitude operate. The exchange idea is that groups of drug maprs possess cluster-wisdom ( nightimes referred to as the wisdom of the crowd). It is a term describing the relative expertise or potential of familiarity on tap(predicate) from a crowd of people as opposed to restricted privileged experts. In, Rising Creativity and Participation in Innovation and acquaintance Management Activities, Gourova Toteva describe the effect that involving the crowd has had on harvesting development specifically in the business sector.The shift from vertical to a crosswise mathematical production model has brought changes in the innovation process, whereas end intentrs and external stakeholders provide additional benefits to organizations, which are increasingly using the wisdom of the crowd. (Gourova Toteva, 2011) With the evolution of the Internets landscape brought on by social networks and social technologies, comes the shift in methods of productivity. Crowd collaboration is at the heart of social media and innovation models, and according to the articles has began to provoke somewhat of a stir in organizations creative and development areas. Holtzblatt Tierney (2011) warn that iterating and developing ideas in closing off or with limited awareness of similar research in other parts of the organization spate correspond missed opportunities and duplication of effort. Collaborative innovation processes via social media networks stick pot ential to manifest rough-and-ready results when utilizing user-driven innovation activities. socially-enabling innovation processes mint tolerate positive effects on outcomes when participation is broadened, and greater conference around ideas is nurseed. (Holtzblatt Tierney, 2011) The article Six Key Takeaways on favorable Media and Innovation from Digital Marketing start Porter Gale, stressed the importance of the shift of one-way dialogue into real conversations, and urged theatres to get to know their transmit and customers, and to look beyond a numbers-only approach to measuring success. Results are not always return-on-investment returns may in any case be made by added fans/followers or with enhanced customer shacklement. (Arthur, 2012)Firms and organizations, realizing the advantageous properties of social media networks have began to use them, attempting to reap the benefits of them. Research and Development, product and software innovations, and familiar emplo yee dialogues to help garner virtual communities are just a few of the areas in which social technologies have been applied to help innovation. companionable media and innovation is an area in which the common practices and functions of social networks are manipulated, exposing the greater potential of productivity that they withhold, and so often, not credited for. The studies included in this review feature real-world applications of social media networks in business and in development, and theoretical evidence that the models merging social technologies and the innovation process have the potential to be productive. thick of LiteratureThe articles chosen for this review were extracted from the different databases mentioned previously. The literature explores social media and innovation from different perspectives, and how both the internal and external innovation process can be enhanced using social media. The variance of perspectives and focuses from different authors fostere d a host of different damage and models relating to social media and innovation. Below, table 2 illustrates the different keywords and key terms used in the literature, their definitions and the title and author of the work that contains those terms.Table (1) amicable Media + Innovation keywordsTerm commentary Author flexOpen innovation break innovation model A method for capturing judge form technology innovation- whether that innovation occurs within or outside the organization. Defining Open.(Gobble, 2012) Crowdsourcing The act of accessing the wise crowd for ideas and solutions (term coined by Jeff Howe). The variety Will be Shared Social Media and Innovation(Anonymous, 2011) Web 2.0 Technologies that enable users to communicate execute center and share it with each other via communities, social networks and virtual worlds. Social Media spend and Potential in Business-to- Business Companies Innovation.(Jussila et al, 2010 Social product innovation The practice of levera ging social media technologies in the innovation process. Kalypso Social Media and Product Innovation Research Findings.(Anonymous, 2011) Innovation-related collaboration Collaboration activities utilized in the innovation process.Social Media Use and Potential in Business-to-Business Companies Innovation. (Jussila, 2010) Communities of creation Groups of people who engage in generation of ideas for future products and services, actively discuss, come on elaborate and test them. Virtual Worlds as Collaborative Innovation and fellowship Platform.( chockful et al, 2012) User-driven innovation An approach in which users are the sources of ideas, drivers of the design, and decision makers throughout the design process. Practical Model for User-Driven Innovation in Agile software system Development.(Koskela et. al, 2011) Co-creation Describes the active map of users. Platform Model for User-Driven Innovation in Agile Software Development. (Koskela et. al, 2011) Customer Communities Communities of a companys end-users. Benefits of Social Media in Business-to-Business Customer Interface.(Jussila et al, 2011) User-driven innovation Describes users contributions to challenges launched by companies.Practical Model for User-Driven Innovation Agile Software Development.(Koskela, 2011) Lead user Active in idea development over an widen period of time. Getting Customers Ideas to Work for You Learning from Dell How to Succeed With Online User Innovation Communities(Gangi et al, 2010) Crowd futurology Refers to the forum of the future. Social media crowdsouced environment. opening 2.0 Describes social networking software to support and enhance the continuously changing and rising collaborative structures across enterprise Governing Web 2.0(Dedene et al, 2011) Wisdom of crowdsThe characteristic of crowds to create content, solve problems and even off do corporate research. Raising Creativity and Participation in Innovation and Knowledge Management Activities. (Gouro va Toteva, 2011) go-ahead social innovation Method that leave alones companies to take advantage of extensive networks, by providing open channels of communication and stimulating innovation. effort 2.0 and Semantic Technologies for Open Innovation Support(Carbone et al, 2010) User Innovation Communities Virtual partnership of interests of customers that get in with organizations in RD. The Next Digital Wave Using Social Media (Accenture, 2012)Social media and innovation begins with one excogitation social media technologies. Each article that was studied for this literature review, emphasized in one way or another, the revolutionary power that these technologies possess. Though different terms were used to describe the technologies, such as web 2.0, enterprise 2.0, and social technologies, the consensus between the authors is that they hold much potential (and often times untapped) to foster successful creative and productive environments.Real World Application/ ChallengesTh e literature reflects a variance in knowledge, and evidence available in the social media and innovation area, setly affecting the rate of adoption of companies and organizations. The articles studied for this review were create in the past two years. The general trend is that the older pieces (2010-2011) reflect a neglect of knowledge, resources, and statistics regarding social media and innovation. Jussila et al (2010) identified quaternity major challenges responsible absence of innovation processes using social media technologies in business to business companies leave out of understanding possibilities of social media in innovation, difficulties of assessing financial gains from social media, difficulties in adopting new mental models and practices needed for adoption, and neglect of evidence of similar using social media in innovation. (Jussila et al, 2010) The authors nominate one cause being a relatively scarce amount of information in the area, and abrupt theoretica l and empirical research. (Jussila et al, 2010) Similarly, Bettina Mikko (2010) agreed that the literature is relatively scarce concerning open innovation in the specific channel on online communities. (Bettina Mikko, 2010) Despite the lack of knowledge, they acknowledge efforts to incorporate these type of open collaboration activities.Although some firms have adopted these principles, the way for users to communicate their ideas to the firms remain underutilized with a few exceptions. (Bettina Mikko, 2010) A general lack of knowledge in the area of social media and innovation is not the only cited issue relating to real-world applications of models and policies. In the article, Social Media and Product Innovation Research Findings, (2011) a survey of more than 90 manufacturing and service companies revealed that 70 part of the participating companies are using or were planning to use social media for product innovation, but of those respondents, little than half had an implem entation and/or management strategy in place. Forty-six percent of respondents revealed a lack of knowledge regarding effective approaches. (Anonymous, 2011)The article notes one of the causes of this trend as the lack of knowledge among companies uncertainty of benefits (of social media innovation strategies) and leading practices. (Anonymous, 2011) Gangi et al (2010) acknowledges the potential of business models using social technologies to engage users as a competitive advantage, but also lists challenges companies face in implementation 1) understanding users ideas posted, 2) identifying the best ideas, 3) balancing inevitably for transparency against disclosure (protecting user-submitted ideas for competitors, 4) sustaining the confederacy (developing strategies for interacting with the community to sustain user participation. Koskela et al (2011) confirms the claim that companies do not have enough knowledge of utilizing users input and social media- found interaction in inn ovation and software activities, in the article Practical Model for User-Driven Innovation in Agile Software Development.A changing of perspectives occurs in the articles written between 2011-2012. Gourova Toteva (2011) argue that the rate of adoption of creative activities involving customers in the process is increasing in companies. The authors concluded the article Rising Creativity and Participation in Innovation and Knowledge Management Activities, by stating Nowadays social media is increasingly supporting innovation and is behind most open innovation processes and users co-creation activities. Following in line with this claim, Figge et al. (2012) reveals that most big corporations chose to tap into the ripening portion of participative consumers to refine their marketing strategy practices, and that social media, being major sales and marketing channels, have allowed for increasing collective trends in consumption. (Figge et al., 2012)Pena (2012) concluded after a study of multi-national corporations use of social innovation sites and application of content found on those sites that magic spell multi-national firms did not formally embrace social platforms for innovation, motionless or informal use of these sources were endorsed by 100% of the interviewees. (Pena, 2012) The two main barriers to use of the sources included 1) a lack of clarity around the owner of the finished idea and the potential for litigation and 2) the fact that argument becomes informed of firms intentions as they pursue innovation from social formats. (Pena, 2012)Business ContextsSeveral articles applied to or studied social media technologies and the innovation in the creation processes of firms. There were several articles analyzing and comparing the use of social media innovation processes, specifically business-to-business and business-to-consumer firms. The differences between the two in terms of categories of clientele and business practices reveal similarities and dif ferences in innovation and collaboration methods.In Social Media Use and Potential in Business-to-Business Companies Innovation, Jussila et al, makes the point that the use of social media in innovation processes can reveal great potential for success in b2b companies, like in b2c companies, and was used with innovation partners (outside audience) more often than with b2c companies. (Jussila et al, 2010)Jussila et. al (2011) acknowledged the assumption that it is much more difficult to utilize social media in business innovation and customer interface for business-to-business innovation and customer interface for business-to-business products, markets and product development. Research exploring social media and benefits from the business-to-business customer interface perspective found potential causes for variance of social media use in different phases of innovation processes patterns of interaction between firm and customers start with roles, knowledge creation activities vary d epending on nature of knowledge to be created and lastly, customers motivation to participate or be involved in innovation process activity rather than product support. Other articles focused on business in a broader context in order to make implications or recommendations in the field of study Fuller et al (2012) studied IBMs use of social media use in innovation and collaboration processes using virtual worlds (second life) in the article Virtual Worlds as Collaborative Innovation and Knowledge Platform.During the course of the study, IBM equanimous experience by using 3D environments as communication and interaction platform within the organization. The study findings indicated potential for virtual worlds to foster creative ideas both within, and beyond the company. (Fuller et al, 2012) Similarly, Gangi et al (2010) analyzed and assessed challenges present in the first 18 months of Dells IdeaStorm program implementation and offered recommendations for successful management of o nline user innovation communities. The recommendations are relevant to any application of a user-driven innovation platform create a user toolkit, strategically position key personnel to ensure clear, logical flow of ideas to proper internal resources, engage the lead users of the platform, promote self-governance in users to enable community to carry more of workload, respond quickly and ask questions, make user-submitted votes count and present progress clearly and openly to the community. (Gangi, et al, 2010)Software DevelopmentThe use of social media for innovation purposes is applied to the development of software in both internal and external (employees of organizations vs. user activities) contexts. In Using Web 2.0 to Improve Software Quality. Black Jacobs (2010) assert that the development process has been altered collect to social media, now including interaction design where feedback from users is further, and used as part of the ongoing development process. The study examined social media use in collaborative group work using distant teams. Organizations are encouraged to focus implementing social technologies for purposes of group work. The use of social media presents an opportunity for an organization to build a distributed knowledge base and increase employees sense of connection to companies initiatives and to each other. (Black Jacobs, 2010)Koskela et, al (2011) claims that online co-creation among users and developers needs continuous facilitation thus allowing direct user interaction to enhance the perspectives of each group and placing more importance on the uses goals. According to Practical Model for User-Driven Innovation in Agile Software Development, by implementing user-driven innovation incorporate users, even in a quick, agile software development process is not only feasible and can be potentially beneficial to the organization. (Koskela et. al, 2011)Technological ApplicationsInnovation and social media have technological im plications, specially in the areas of enterprise 2.0 and open-innovation processes. Structuring Web 2.0 collaborative platforms and strategies is discussed in two of the articles used for this review. In the article Enterprise 2.0 and Semantic Technologies for Open Innovation Support, Carbone et al (2010) emphasizes the potential of enterprise 2.0 technologies by asserting that they have the power to usher in a new era by make both the practices of knowledge work and its output more visible. The article proposes a new model Semantic web to transform human-readable content into machine-readable content. This new model controls and structures the heavy flow of user-submitted information, an aspect brought on by the collaborative paradigm. (Carbone et al, 2010)Dedene et al (2011) proposes four grounding principles to help organizations get the most out of their Enterprise 2.0 investments. In the many-to-many, decentralized environment present in Web 2.0 collaborative activities, stru cturation is emphasized as a key process and is made doable by these four principles 1) empowerment principle- empowers users to discover desirable uses of technology rather than draw up barriers to unsuitable use, 2) processes principle- enables process workers and managers to capture value from experimenting and progressively synthesizing new ways for processing, 3) collaboration principle- lets virtual communities and teamwork emerge from a free-flow of collaboration engagements, rather than pre-assign bulk of roles, activities and access rules and finally 4) people and culture principle- invites people to participate, rather than coercing them to work in a particular way. (Dedene et al, 2011)Findings/ PitfallsAll of the articles studied for this review acknowledged the potential of the use of social media for purposes of innovation to be successful avenues reaching end consumers and sparking creative thinking within a firm or organization. The articles, both theoretically focu sed, and case studies of real-world application conveyed the benefits of implementation and recognized the area as revolutionary, and the needful direction of the innovation process for firms and organizations. It goes without saying, that there is another side to the coin when it comes to model and strategy implementation. Gangi et. al (2010) identified one potentially damaging characteristic of social media that could negatively effect innovation efforts.The viral aspect of all web 2.0 technologies means that an org could quickly lose control of negative content. (Gangi, et al, 2010) The pervasiveness and instantaneous aspects of social media can be damning to an organization based on self-published material, or user-published. (Carbone et al, 2010) Managing the overwhelming amounts of information that exists, as an end-result of the decentralization of ideas may be difficult to achieve. Ideas contributed via social media networks present an issue with idea ownership receivable to blurred line between what is idea adoption and what could be conceived as theft of intellectual property. As mentioned by Pena (2012) this is one cause of avoidance regarding companies implementation of social technology strategies.RecommendationsDedene et al (2011) notes that managing the technologies for effective use requires strategy and knowledge, and that organizations have not fully mastered these concepts. The promise of Enterprise 2.0 is enticing to many orgs but experience and research into managing such investments to effective benefits realization has not yet reached full maturity making people mindful about the capabilities of the technology is an absolute precondition to benefits generation from the technology. (Dedene et al, 2011) The lack of knowledge available in the application of social media for innovation purposes, though lessening over time, is still a practicable issue of concern for companies attempting to implement models. It is important for there to b e an accessible collection of literature to foster field knowledge, and to increase in real-world applications. The lack of understanding due to little to no knowledge base has attributed to the skepticism among businesses and IT professionals. (Dedene et. al, 2011) More research should be executed in this area and more literature developed. Organizations will not invest in ideas that are not fully understood.The reach of evidence of benefits of the use of social media for purposes of innovation needs to be increase. Not only should literature about implementation be increased and shared, but also firmer guidelines for successful use of social media for innovation should as well. Many of the major and minuscule firms and organizations venturing into this somewhat unchartered territory are doing so without a definitive strategy. A set of published principles, assisting first-time implementation, corrective implementation, and for use throughout operation, (management of platforms) s hould become accessible. This set of principles would provide some protection against simple mistakes and allow for smoother, more streamlined implementation for firms and organizations.Table (2)Table of LiteratureAuthor/ Work Implication/ Findings Limitation(s)/ Pitfalls Benefits of Social Media in B2B Customer Interface in Innovation(Jussila, et. al, 2011) Social media can be useful in all stages of B2B companies innovation processes. Companies dont understand how to be active with social media effectively. Measuring the Effectiveness of Social Media on an Innovation Process(Holtzblatt Tierney, 2011) Using social media, it is possible to accelerate the transition of new technology and knowledge to customers by expanding staff and end-users direct communications. Limitations of data restricted to interactions that occur on-line inside the IdeaMarket (platform used in research). Is Open Innovation Open?(Bettina Mikko, 2010) Social media and open innovation principles remain under utilized by companies. Most innovational firms that were studied were multinational with multiple websites, all using different content. Platform Model for User-Driven Innovation in Agile Software Development(Koskela et al, 2011)The model using co-creation tools and direct user-interaction can be applied to the innovation processes of other consumer-targeted products and services.. Companies do not have enough knowledge of utilizing users input and social media based interaction in innovation and software activities. Raising Creativity and Participation in Innovation and Knowledge Management Activities(Gourova Toteva, 2011) Nowadays social media is increasingly supporting innovation and is behind most open innovation processes and users co-creation activities. N/a Social Media and Product Innovation(Anonymous, 2011) When it comes to applying social technologies to product developments and innovation, most organizations are still in the early adoption phase. N/a Social Media Use and Potential in B2B Companies Innovation(Jussila et al, 2010) Both B2B and B2C companies were taking advantage of social media use in innovation processes The gap of perceived use between two different business types is significant. Research should be carried out to facilitate adoptions and fill gap. The Revolution Will Be Shared Social Media and Innovation(Anonymous, 2011) Social technologies used for innovation purposes are revolutionary N/a Using Web 2.0 to cleanse Software Quality(Black Jacobs) Social media among other benefits, has changed the development process to include interaction design, where feedback from users is used. N/a Virtual Worlds as Collaborative Innovation and Knowledge Platforms(Fuller, et. al, 2012) Virtual worlds can offer new ways of having access to knowledge and creative ideas within and beyond companies. Virtual community lacked total security and some complained about poor graphics Getting Customers Ideas to Work for You Learning from Dell How to Succeed With Online User Innovation Communities.(Gangi et al, 2010) A poorly managed user innovation community could have devastating consequences for an organization. Challenges for companies included Understanding users ideas posted, Identifying the best ideas,Balancing needs for transparency against disclosure (protecting user-submitted ideas from competitors) and Sustaining the community (developing strategies for interacting with the community to sustain user participation. Governing Web 2.0(Dedene, 2011) Enterprises can use principles and lessons to avoid the fallacy of going into social media for innovation endeavor with too much of a command/control view on tech adoption Many organizations have not effectively mastered management of social media and innovation platforms canvass the Increasing Role of Public Social Networks Within the Innovation Process of Large, Multi-National Corporations(Pena, 2012) Use of strong social networking within an organization propels innovation Firms did not embrace platforms, but all endorsed informal use.Two main barriers to use of sources by companies lack of clarity around owner of ideas, 2) competition may become informed of intentions Enterprise 2.0 and Semantic Technologies for Open Innovation Support(Carbone et al, 2010)The web 2.0 environment helped in establishing an innovation culture in the firms, while the sematic technologies helped not just in fostering interaction for the creation of new ideas, but also in supporting the decision process. N/a Defining Open(Gobble, 2012) Open innovation is among the new resources available for conceptualizing, creating and managing open innovations efforts at every scale. N/a Six Key Takeaways On Social Media And Innovation From Digital Marketing Pioneer Porter Gale(Arthur, 2012) One-way dialogue has evolved into 24/7 real-time conversations. N/a Social Media for Innovation Efforts (Lindegaard, 2013)The use of social media for innovation efforts is still new and full of opp ortunity. N/a Social Product Innovation2013 Kalypso Social media technologies are rapidly changing the way we communicate and collaborate. A extensive and sustainable strategy must be developed to deliver results. N/a Five emerge Innovation and Social Media Trends and Why They Matter Now(Ben-Yehuda, 2012) Social media and a renewed emphasis on innovation and DIY is transforming how government agencies operate and how they interact with citizens. N/a The Next Digital Wave Enterprise Social Innovation. 2012 Accenture Through enterprise social innovation, companies can benefit from a greater pool of ideas, ones that are line up more closely with the wants and needs of end-consumers. N/aWorks CitedJussila, J., Karkkainen, H., Meino, M. (2011). Benefits of social media in business-to-business customer inerface in innovation. 2011vACM,Holtzblatt, J., Tierney, M. L. (2011). Measuring the effectiveness of social media on an innovation process. 2011 ACM,Bettina, M., Mikko, L. (2010, Se p). Is innovation open? evidence from the most advanced(a) firms and the most valuable brands. European conference on innovation and entrepreneurship, United kingdom.Koskela, K., Nakki, P., Pikkarainen, M. (2011). 17th international conference of concurrent enterprising, Finland.Gourova, E., Toteva, K. (2011). Raising creativity and participation in innovation and knowledge managment activities. 17th internation conference on concurrent enterprising.Anonymous. (2011). Social media and product innvoation research findings. Professional services close-up,Jussila, J., Karkkainen, H., Vaisanen, J. (2010). Social media use and potential in business-to-business companies innovation. 2010 ACM,Anonymous. (201). The revolution will be shared social media and innovation. Research technology management, 54(1), 64-66.Black, S., Jacobs, J. (2010). Using web 2.0 to improve software quality. 2010 ACM,Fuller, J., Hautz, J., Hutter, K., Matzler, K., Muller, J. (2012). Virtual worlds as collabo rative innovation and knowledge platform. 2012 IEEE,Gangi, P., Hooker, R., Wasko, M. (2010). Getting customers ideas to work for you learning from dingle how to succeed with online user innovation communities. MIS quarterly executive, 9(4),Dedene, A. G., Hertogh, S., Viaene, S. (2011). Governing web 2.0. Communications of the acm, 54(3),Pena, V. (2012). Investigating the increasing role of public social networkd within the innovation process of large, multi-national corporations. Business studies journal, 3,Carbone, F., Contreras, J., Hernandez, J. (2010). Enterprise 2.0 and semantic technologies for open innovation support. IEA/AIE 2010, part II, 18-27.Gobble, M. (2012). Defining open. Research technology management, Arthur , L. (2012, 3 6). Six key takeaways on social media and innovation from digital marketing pioneer porter gale. Retrieved from http//www.forbes.com/sites/lisaarthur/2012/03/06/six-key-take-aways-on-social-media-and-innovation-from-porter-gale-former-virgin-am erica-marketing-vp/Lindegaard, S. (2013, 01 31). Free webinar social media for innovation efforts. Retrieved from http//www.15inno.com/2013/01/31/smwebinar/Kalypso. (2013). Social product innovation, capabilites, kalypso. Retrieved from http//kalypso.com/capabilities/services/social-product-innovation/Ben-Yehuda, G. (2012, 11 1). Five emerging innovation and social media trends and why they matter now. Retrieved from http//www.govexec.com/excellence/promising-practices/2012/11/five-emerging-innovation-and-social-media-trends-and-why-they-matter-now/59179/Accenture. (2012). The net digital wave enterprise social innovation. Retrieved from http//www.accenture.com/us-en/Pages/insight-next-digital-wave-social-media-harness-innovation-summary.aspx

War is Ethically Wrong Essay Example for Free

War is Ethically revile EssayMy thesis is that war is goodly untimely. My main argument goes as follows Any action that kills an liberal individual wi gramt their cover bear is ethically wrong war kills indigent people without their direct assume. whence war is ethically wrong.The first premise of my main argument states that any action that kills an innocent person without their direct consent is ethically wrong. On average, many people would agree with this statement. To kill an innocent person for what of all time reason would hold up as murder in a court of law. Yet, one and alone(a) might object to the part of the premise that states, direct consent. This leaves room to debate the questionable subject of euthanasia. By one giving direct consent to someone else to terminate their life, would, according to the premise be acceptable.though euthanasia is not the subject of this paper it is important to understand that direct consent of the individual is crucial to establish the unethical grounds of war. If direct consent to die was pass awayn by all innocent people in times of war then there would be no moral answer to discuss. Accordingly, imposing ones will, though the intentions may be good, is second-rate to the right of the individual to give direct consent in matters concerning their life.My second premise states that war kills innocent people without their direct consent. History has been a outstanding t apieceer in proving to us that innocent people die in times of war. Yet, one could evening argue that the soldiers in the war are considered innocent people and do not necessarily give their direct consent to be killed.This may sound ludicrous since often times a soldier goes into the legions on his or her own free will. Yet, when the soldier signs up he or she neer sends a letter or calls the enemy and states that the enemy has their direct consent to kill them. This is absolute nonsense. It is only indirectly that death come s about. It is never by choice or desire. When a soldier enlists he or she signs up to run for the cause of there country, they did not sign up to be voluntarily slaughtered.This is besides helpful to show the innocent nature of a soldier. On average most soldiers join the military because they believe that the cause they are defending is right. This is important to understand gulling that war is hardly ever one sided. Upon examining one can see that when nations are battling rarely does one side discover that they are the big, bad evil enemy. Both sides feel justified in their cause and are willing to fight for their beliefs. Even during World War II, Nazi Germany felt justified to rise from their poverty state and whiplash out against the nations that had oppressed them.This helps set the stage to understand why war is ethically wrong. If both sides feel that they are right in their cause then it is also free to state that both sides are wrong. One might give the objection, What if a country invades my homeland, dont I have the right to protect myself by killing them? The answer to this question is an unwavering no. Great men such as Gandhi and Martin Luther fagot Jr. have proven that one can throw off the shackles of tyranny without the shedding of blood. If you were to cope with your enemy by taking the life of an innocent person then you would be as conscience-smitten as your attacker.My first sub-premise is that everyone has the right to life. Simply by breathing you exercise your right to exist on the earth. From the beginning of civilizations there has always been rules or laws established to protect this right. Whether it has been the simple Mosaic law of thou shall not murder to the complex laws that we have today, the right to life has always been recognized as a universal principle for all people.My second sub-premise for my main argument is that killing an innocent person without their direct consent bollockss the right to life. A drunke n husband comes home and savagely run aways and kills his wife. With this example it is easy to see how the wifes right to life is being violated. Did the wife give her husband direct consent to beat and kill her, most likely not. Did the husband rationally think to ask his wife if he could viciously beat and kill her, again probably not. The act of killing an innocent person without their direct consent infringes on the right to life because the intrinsicvalue of choice has been stolen away form the individual.This understanding leads to the last sub-premise that it is ethically wrong to violate ones right to life.According to Dictionary of Religion and Philosophy the term ethical comes from the Greek word ethos, which means customs duty or usage. Plato used this term to mean a custom or usage to designate the right way of behaving. To violate ones right to life very good falls under the wrong custom or usage of the right way of behaving or more than simply put, it would be un ethical. Whether a man beats and kills his innocent wife or nations war against each other there is no difference when it comes to the right to life. Without direct consent it is ethical wrong to violate ones right to life.Throughout this paper I have proven my thesis that war is ethically wrong by stating two main arguments, they were Any action that kills an innocent person without their direct consent is ethically wrong war kills innocent people without their direct consent. It is through these premises that one can see that the conclusion that war is ethically wrong, is valid and sound reasoning.

Ethical dilemma Essay Example for Free

honest dilemma EssayIn the following, honest dilemma has been discussed and identified from the given case study. The background for the ethical dilemma has been explained. How the consultant has handled the situation of ethical dilemma and how a learner would have handled it differently, has been given below. ? ethical Dilemma ethical dilemmas, also known as a moral dilemmas, are situations in which in that respect are two choices to be made, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion. In much(prenominal) cases, societal and personal ethical guidelines stinker provide no satisfactory outcome or the chooser. Ethical dilemmas assume that the chooser will abide by societal norms, such as codes of law or religious teachings, in order to make the choice ethically impossible. In the given case study, kinsperson Todd is also in a situation which is an ethical dilemma. She had just finished her master degree and got a very company to join in. Bu t she did non realize that she had been introduced as an right on CQI to the capability clients which she discovers by the end of the meeting with the potential clients.She discussed with her boss about the need of the CQI expert but he did not give it an importance and indirectly pushed her to do what the company says. She has now a conflict between her own values(may be religious) which insist her on quitting the job and her personal materialistic needs which do not allow to leave such a good company for her career. Background for Ethical Dilemma In a perfect world, businesses and their employees would always do the right thing. Unfortunately, in the real world, ethical dilemmas are a common occurrence in the orkplace.According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, dilemmas are situations or problems where a person has to make a difficult choice an ethical dilemma is a problem where a person has to choose between a moral and an immoral act. Employees must deal with pressures to pe rform and help the company succeed as well as personal temptations to take the easy way out. In the end, workers will likely incline many dilemmas in their careers companies should provide training and information to assist them in making the right decision. at that place are many reasons which make the background or the reasons for the ethical dilemma. Employees in organizations undergo in such a situation when they are sometimes under the pressure from management . When they are go againsticularly asked to do something which is un ethical but it goes in the companys favor. In some cases, some employees begin choose of ambitious and want to succeed in their life at any cost without considering the concept of creation ethical or un-ethical. They just do what akes them towards promotions or higher career.Though diversity is an important part of business, some people may not be comfortable with people from different backgrounds and possibly be reluctant to treat them fairly. Th is kind of discrimination is not only un ethical but illicit and slake remains common. Negotiators may also try to bribe their way to a good deal.While this is illegal in the U. S. , it still sometimes happens in other nations, it is more common, and sometimes even expected, which can ordain negotiators in a difficult position. This means in organizations negotiating tactics are sometimes also the coiffe of ethical dilemma. ? How the Consultant Handled the Situation from Ethic catch up with Point The consultant raised an objection earlier the president of the company instead of remaining uiet on the issue that why she had been introduced wrongly as a CQI expert.Moreover, she passed on the exact evaluation of her meeting about the potential clients and stress on the need of an CQI expert in order to deal with the clients. At least, in order to secure the job, she did not pretend that she can do anything they want. The best part was that she did her best to help the clients in the area of quality improvement by going through books and consulting her friends, so much so that she had a consultant behind her, unseen, to help sort out CQI issues.After the assigned work got over, she resigned the company, as she couldt trust the company for future. A View of How the Learner would have Handled the Situation Differently I would have not been, probably so boldness to ask the president for the actual requirement of the clients or might not have resigned the job. ? Conclusion In a workplace, ethical dilemmas are quite common. There are different reasons for a worker to become ethical or un ethical. So, the important thing how you win the war between your values and materialistic needs.

An essay on the novel Frankenstein Essay Example for Free

An essay on the novel Frankenstein EssayThe novel Frankenstein is as relevant and terrifying today as it was when it was first make At the time that Mary Shelly wrote the book Frankenstein the idea of creating and bringing people back to life employ electricity was a prominent idea in science. She was also reading Emile by a famous French philosopher Rousseau where he argues that mans nature is harmless but is made evil by society.These ideas help to learn her novel and contribute to the key themes. When Mary Shelly was young her cause died and this ties in with the character of master key whose mother also dies from giving birth to his brother William, who is later murdered by the putz, (Mary Shelly also had a give-and-take called William who died at the age of 3).Mary Shellys first child died twelve eld after she was born, she had a pipe dream that her child had come back to life she wrote Dream that my little baby came to life again that it had except been cold an d that we rubbed it by the fire and it lived I awake and find no baby I mobilise about the little topic all day this tragedy is reflected in Frankenstein with the idea of bringing the wild back to life. Mary Shellys own childhood seems to have been brought up in the character of the cock, the cock was wedded by maestro and Mary Shelly seems to feel that her mother abandoned her because she died when Shelly was only a baby.The book Frankenstein has triplet different narrators though out the novel Robert Walton, the captain of a ship heading for the North Pole. lord Frankenstein the creator of the wight and finally the creature itself, although Victor and the creatures stories are embedded in Waltons narrative. Mary Shelly uses Waltons earn to his sister to tell the twaddle from his point of view and that of Victor and the creature. The book starts with Walton writing letters to his sister.Walton wherefore encounters Victor Frankenstein when his ship can go no further n orth because it is stuck in the ice Victor Frankenstein has been traveling across the ice following the creature and is ill because of the cold. Robert Walton takes him aboard his ship where Victor Frankenstein tells him the story of creating the creature. Victor tells him about his childhood in Geneva which he spent with his cousin Elizabeth. Victor went to the University of Ingolstadt. musical composition he was there he became obsessed with the idea of bringing people back to life.Victor think backs he has found the secret of life and puts together a human being from bits of other unused people. It was a dreary night in November when he finally brings the creature to life. He looks at the repugnant thing that he has spend a pennyd and it horrifies him. He tries to sleep but is disturbed by dreams of his mother and Elizabeth I held the corpse of my dead mother in my arms, he wakes up to see the creature standing over him. Mary Shelly is change magnitude the tension and makin g the reader more involved. He escaped into the streets of Igolstadt and runs into his friend Clerval, who had come to study at the university.Victor takes his friend back to his apartment, but he finds that the creature is no longer there. He thence becomes ill from a fever the sickness is a sign that he has realized the horror of what he has done. Before he returns to Geneva he receives a letter from his father telling him his brother William has been murdered. Victor hurries home and when he was passing through the woods where William was murdered, he catches sight of the creature and is convinced the creature killed him, Mary Shelly is increasing the horror with each event as the story unfolds.Victor took a holiday in the mountains to try and ease his grief for his brother. While he is alone one day, crossing a glacier, the creature approaches him. The creature then tells Victor what has happened to him he describes running away from Igolstadt after he was assaulted by the town s people, and how he hid away in fo balance wheels where he discovered fire. He discovers a small shed where he spends some time as he is sheltered from the rain there is a small peep hole where he can look in to a family house this is where he learns to speak as there is a foreigner in the house who the family is teaching to speak their language.The creature asks Victor to create another creature for him to be his companion. Victor agrees but later after he has started he destroys the fleck creature so the creature tells him he will be there on Victors wedding night. On his return to Geneva Victor marries Elizabeth. He fears what the creature said to him and that he will kill him. To be careful he sends Elizabeth away to wait for him. While he waits for the creature, he hears Elizabeth scream and Victor realizes that the creature had been hinting at killing his new wife. Victor returns home and his father dies of sorrow shortly after.Victor says that he will devote the rest of hi s life to finding the creature and getting his revenge. Victor tracks the creature northward and it becomes icy. Victor almost catches up with the creature, but the ice breaks and Victor cannot reach the creature. Victor dies shortly after he finishes telling his story. Walton then tells the remainder of the story in letters written to his sister. When Walton returns, several days later, to the room in which the body lies he is shocked to see the creature weeping over Victor. The creature tells Walton about his suffering. He then says that now his creator has died he can end his own torment.The creature then walks off for the northernmost ice to die. In chapter 5 Shelly describes how the monster comes to life and how Frankenstein has a neural breakdown. He had spent two years working on the creature and it turned out to be an abomination in his eyes. Shelly tries to terrify the reader by using some very strong affectional words with an anxiety that almost lead to agony, she makes the creature look as grotesque as mathematical His yellow skin barely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath she also writes his watery eyes, that seemed almost the kindred as the dun white sockets. Victor never refers to the creature as a human he refers to it as a wretch, monster, creature and demonical corpse, this helps to show how Victor rejects the creature as soon as he has brought it to life just because of the way it looks, this is how the creature is treated by society through out the rest of the novel, he is seen as a monster and is spurned by society.These make the creature seem repulsive and grotesque, the thoughts of this creature would have terrified readers when it was first published but I do not think that it has the same effect on readers today. Far worse things are viewed in many places for example on the internet, television or in newspapers although something which had an appearance like the creature would probably still be rejected by society toda y and would still be considered horrifying.

Chapter 1 indians the settlements of america Essay Example for Free

Chapter 1 indians the settlements of america Essay1. crowdtown was the first colony that gets found. It was there where the first permanent settlement occurs. Jamestown was a lower-ranking location for colonization. The men dug wells to obtain water, but the water they found could non sop up because it was contaminated. In addition, the ground was wet and had too many mosquitos. The mosquitoes were carriers of diseases and made the settlers sick. After a year, about half(prenominal) of the settlers had died of disease and starvation. The natural American Indians kept the English a give way providing them with food. The English were so busy onerous to discover gold that they didnt b varied trying to grow food. That was when Captain John Smith became leader of the Jamestown colony. He saved the colony by creating a rule, which maintained that anyone who did not work would have no overcompensate to eat. This made the colonist planted food, and they were forced to build sh elters and fences to protect against any attack. These American Indians or Amerinds, showed them colossal diversity of character and attainments due to the differences in climate, soil, food, building material, and the activities necessary to preserve life.They taught the settlers how to plant and grow corn, beans, squash, and so forth and also helped them to establish good relations with neighboring Indian tribes. On the other hand what the English settlers offered to Native Americans Indians was diametrical. In ex kind for food, they offered them weapons, horses, cattle, sheep, vegetables and fruits, hatchets, swords, metal pots, skillets and knives, which would give them the technological advantage over their enemies. They brought not only if tools for the conquest of the wilderness, but also the forms of government, the religion, the books, and the languages of the Old World.But besides the different technologies and different lifestyles that they offered to them, the English brought with them different types of diseases, such as smallpox, which was lethal to Amerinds, this produced a lethal epidemic that affected a large voice of the tribe. American Indians had a very different culture from the English multitude. Despite some successful interaction, questions of self- direction and control of flat coat and trust between peoples, caused conflicts arise. Virginia suffers very frequent periods of drought and by that age the colonists did not understand that the natives were ill prep ared to feed them during the hard times.In the years after 1612, settlers clearlyed the land to prepare it for export farms dedicated tobacco, its crucial crop for economic purposes. When the tobacco exhausted farmland, the settlers continuously had to clear to a greater extent areas to replace them. This small wooded land was that the Indians could use to hunt and supplement their food crops. The more than settlers arrived, the more demanding land. The spread of tobacc o cultivation altered life for everyone, because its cultivation required abundant land. The tribes essay to fight the invasion of the settlers.The main conflicts occurred with the indigenous slaughter of 1622 and another in 1644, both under the command of the younger brother of the late Chief Powhatan, Chief Opechancanough. Recognizing the danger, the war leader launched coordinated attacks along the James River on March 22, 1622. By the end of the day 347 colonist lay dead, and only a seasonable warning from two Christian converts saved Jamestown itself from destruction. Europeans had a very mixed picture of the native Indians. On one hand, they believed that the Indians could be soft and generous and also attentive and willing to trade.At first it was a very positive image and the settlers had hoped that they would be welcomed with open arms and friendly hands. They wanted to believe their style to the Garden of Eden. 2. After reading the three sources that tell the stratum of the Indians and the Settlement of America, I found it more accurate the description number 3 A people and a Nation (2008) that gives us bloody shame Beth Norton, because I think is a very complete description about the events that occurred with the New World. She begins by describing how other finishs of America were.She mentions how that residents, of what is now central Mexico began to cultivate food crops, especially corn, squash, beans, avocados, and peppers while in the Andes Mountains of South America, people began to cultivate potatoes, and it was thanks to the improvement of these techniques of agriculture that could be spread this knowledge through America with the ejection of those areas with harsher climates.Thanks to agriculture most of the Americans began to adopt a more sedentary life, without the need to spend so much time hunting and gathering. I believe that it is very appropriate that she mentions these details, since it is important to us as readers have an ide a of how other civilizations in the Americas were, in this manner we can understand a little more about the civilization of the Native Americans Indians, because in some way they were very similar to each(prenominal) other.In the same way, in this source the author also makes mention of another significant civilization of America, the Aztecs they were one of the most important and recognized civilizations of the American continent, they had a style a little different from other civilizations, they tended to be a little more wild, they use to forced their neighbors to pay tribute in textiles, gold, foodstuffs and even in human beings, who were sacrificed to the war god Huitzilopochtli.After the author made mention of these events, she continues her story mentioning the arrival of the English for the first time in 1607 to a region near to Chesapeake Bay called Tsenacomoco. It was a group of 104 men and boys, who established the palisaded settlement called Jamestown. This source tells us the beginning of a radical change to this Nation the author mentions the number of people, the name of the region in which they arrived, and the date on which this happened it seems to me that these data are necessary to know for any American person, I think it is important for all of us who live in this continent know this historical fact, and more specifically know what happened in this country.I am convinced that this source is more accurate, because it shows us these and more details, and is more precise describing how was the relationship between the colonists and the Native American Indians. It shows us what was the difference between these two different civilizations, and at the same time expresses us which were their similarities.Both groups held deep religious beliefs, subsisted primarily through agriculture, accepted social and political hierarchy, and observed decipherable gender roles. Despite the coexistence that came to have each other, both groups continued to ha ve their own beliefs and thoughts, which for me in someway led them to start a war, because the settlers wanted to impose their will on the Indians, and at the same time the Indians wanted to not let this happen, and also they were tired of being their food source and carriers of diseases that the settlers brought.

Explaining Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures Essay Example for Free

Explaining sanctioned Accounting Concepts and Business Structures EssayExplaining Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures I allow explain the underlying explanation concepts and business structures from the following topics GAAP sources and power structure acceptable accounting data using the qualities of accounting principles Difference between Accrual based accounting and cash understructure of accounting Types of business structures and the features of from each one structure.1. GAAP sources and hierarchyGenerally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) is the set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to prepare their pecuniary statements. GAAP principles are the bases of financial reports and the guidelines of United States accounting practices. There are four categories of sources of GAAP hierarchy as followsCategory (A) FASB Standards, Interpretations, and Staff Positions APB Opinions AICPA Accounting Research Bulletins. Cat egory (B) FASB good Bulletins (no longer issued), AICPA Industry scrutinise and Accounting Guides, AICPA Statements of Position. Category (C) FASB Emerging Issues Task Force, AICPA AcSEC Practice Bulletins. Category (D) AICPA Accounting Interpretations, FASB Implementation Guides (Q and A), widely recognise and prevalent industry practices. The category (a) of the GAAP hierarchy has a higher authority than a FASB Technical Bulletin, which is in category (b).The hierarchy is important because it gives the out layer for companies to search for the specific accounting transactions. For example, if a specific transaction give the axe not be covered in category (a), then companies will turn to categories (b) for selecting and applying appropriate accounting principles, then (c) and (d).2. Good accounting information using the qualities of accounting principles Good accounting information should be understandable. If no one prat not understand the accounting information presented, it becomes useless to lose all of the other qualities. The good accounting information should be Reliable and Relevant. reliability means verifiable, representation faithfulness, and free of error and bias. If the accounting numbers are wrong, there is no both meaning to use the information. Relevance means predictive or feedback value presented on a incidentally basis.The internal managerial accounting reports are different from the external financial reports. The relevant information is take to prepare the different kinds of reports. The good accounting information should be Comparability and Consistency. The good information can be used to identify the differences and similarities between companies. The company consistently use the same accounting preaching for better auditing purposes.3. Difference between Accrual basis accounting and cash basis of accountingThe revenue recognition principle and the depreciate matching principle are two key elements for Accrual basis accoun ting. Company uses accrual basis accounting to spy income when goods are shipped or services are rendered, and to recognize expense when it is obligated to pay it. On the contrast, cash basis accounting recognizes the revenue and expenses when the cash is authentic and paid. The cash basis accounting is prohibited under GAAP because it does not record revenue and expense when earned and incurred. It will misstate the actual income and expenses incurred and can not reflect the real business carrying into action during the accounting period.4. Types of business structures and the features of each structureThere are three types of business structures-Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, and Corporation. Sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. It is the simplest form of business self-control. The sole proprietor is in direct control of all affairs and entitled all profits and losses and is free to broadcast his interest in the sole proprietorship at will. The disadvant age is that the sole proprietor would be amply responsible for all debts and obligations related to the business. The business would consider difficulty in raising capital. Partnership is a business owned by two or more persons associate a partner. Partnership can bring broad resources and unique skills. All the partners share profit and losses, share the right to manage and gather study business decisions, have unlimited personal liability for obligation of the partnership.For tax advantage, the partnership does not pay federal income tax rather, partners file their own individual tax return. Disadvantage is that partners are fully and personally liable for the debts if their partnership. Corporation is a legal entity distinct from its owners (called shareholders or stockholders) and manager. It is easy to raise fund. The major advantage of corporation is that the owners are not personally liable for the obligation. Stockholders are free to transfer their ownership interests. Corporation must pay income taxes on any profits that it makes, and stockholders loosely do not have to pay income tax on its profits until they are distributed as dividends. The corporate tax rate generally is lower than the personal tax rate.